Why reading matters, and why one-to-one teaching works.

Rosen sets out practical ways adults can build a genuine reading culture around children — from reading aloud regularly to leaving room for real conversation about books, rather than treating every book as a comprehension test.

Rosen explores how the structure of stories — sequence, cause and effect, the slow reveal of a plot — trains a kind of thinking that goes well beyond the page, and why wide, frequent reading matters as much as any single book.

Based on responses from over 114,000 children and young people, this report found reading enjoyment at its lowest level in twenty years — but also that pupils who enjoy reading are more than twice as likely to have above-average reading skills.

The Trust's ongoing research programme, linking reading enjoyment to wider outcomes including wellbeing, empathy and long-term academic success, alongside practical guidance for building a stronger reading culture at home and at school.

The EEF's toolkit, drawn from a meta-analysis of controlled studies, rates one-to-one tuition as high impact for moderate cost, with pupils typically making several additional months of progress compared with those who don't receive it.

This systematic review and meta-analysis of experimental tutoring studies found consistently substantial positive effects on learning, with the strongest results for programmes delivered by qualified teachers rather than volunteers or parents.

This independent evaluation of England's National Tutoring Programme found tutoring associated with measurable improvements in pupil outcomes, with school leaders also reporting a strong, consistent perception of impact on pupils' confidence.